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The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, ... The Roman army maintained a complex position and grading system for its soldiers that reflected the many and varied duties of the ...
Mondo romano nell'80 d.C. e dislocazione legioni. After the founding of Rome, legend has it that the first king, Romulus established the original Roman legion with 3,000 soldiers and 300 cavalry, [1] which might have been doubled when the city of Rome was expanded by union with the Sabines, coming to a total of 6,000 infantry and 600 cavalry. [2]
Nero, Sestertius with countermark "X" of Legio X Gemina. Obv: Laureate bust right. Rev: Nero riding horse right, holding spear, DECVRSIO in exergue; S C across fields. This is a list of Roman legions, including key facts about each legion, primarily focusing on the Principate (early Empire, 27 BC – 284 AD) legions, for which there exists substantial literary, epigraphic and archaeological ...
There were 10 cohorts to each legion, or 4,800 men (c. 5,000 including the small legionary cavalry of 120 horse and officers). Thus, a legion was equivalent in numbers to a modern brigade. By AD 100, however, the legion's First Cohort was divided into only five centuriae, but double-strength at 160 men each, for a total of 800 men. At this ...
A cohort (from the Latin cohors, pl.: cohortes; see wikt:cohors for full inflection table) was a standard tactical military unit of a Roman legion. Although the standard size changed with time and situation, it was generally composed of 480 soldiers. [1] A cohort is considered to be the equivalent of a modern military battalion.
Contubernium – The smallest organized unit of soldiers in the Roman Army. It was composed of ten legionaries led by a decanus. When on the march a Legion would often march contubernium-abreast (8-abreast plus 2 support). In the Imperial Legion, ten contubernia formed a centuria.
The normal size of a legion in this period was 4,200 infantry, of which 3,000 were heavily armed and 1,200 velites (plus 200–300 cavalry). In times of emergency, a legion of 5,000 infantry could be levied, of which 3,800 would be heavy infantry. [35] However, Polybius and Livy also mention legions of 6,000 infantry. [8]
The military of ancient Rome was one of largest pre-modern professional standing armies that ever existed. At its height, protecting over 7,000 kilometers of border and consisting of over 400,000 legionaries and auxiliaries, the army was the most important institution in the Roman world.