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Colorectal cancer has a prevalence of 7% at 30 years after diagnosis and accounts for 15% of deaths in people with Crohn's. Risk is higher if the disease occurs in most of the colon. Endoscopic surveillance is performed to detect and remove polyps, while surgery is required for dysplasia beyond the mucosal surface. [19]
People with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) are at increased risk of colon cancer. [31] [32] The risk increases the longer a person has the disease, and the worse the severity of inflammation. [33] In these high risk groups, both prevention with aspirin and regular colonoscopies are recommended. [34]
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is a hereditary predisposition to colon cancer.. HNPCC includes (and was once synonymous with) [1] Lynch syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic condition that is associated with a high risk of colon cancer, endometrial cancer (second most common), ovary, stomach, small intestine, hepatobiliary tract, upper urinary tract, brain, and skin. [2]
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with the other type being Crohn's disease. [1] It is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum.
The corresponding relative risk is 1.5 for lung cancer, [82] and 1.9 for prostate cancer. [83] For breast cancer, the relative risk is 1.8 with a first-degree relative having developed it at 50 years of age or older, and 3.3 when the relative developed it when being younger than 50 years of age. [84]
Intestinal mucosa-associated E. coli are observed in increased numbers in the inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. [14] Invasive strains of E. coli exist in high numbers in the inflamed tissue, and the number of bacteria in the inflamed regions correlates to the severity of the bowel inflammation. [15]
In addition, no statistically significant reduction in breast cancer risk was identified, although the results approached significance and indicated that longer-term follow-up may yield a more definitive comparison. [73] The trial also did not identify a reduction in colorectal cancer risk attributable to a low-fat dietary pattern. [74]
Gastrointestinal cancer may occur at any point in the gastrointestinal tract, and includes mouth cancer, tongue cancer, oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and colorectal cancer. Inflammatory conditions. Ileitis is an inflammation of the ileum, colitis is an inflammation of the large intestine.