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East side of stela C, Quirigua with the mythical creation date of 13 baktuns, 0 katuns, 0 tuns, 0 winals, 0 kins, 4 Ahau 8 Cumku – August 11, 3114 BCE in the proleptic Gregorian calendar. The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar is a non-repeating base-20 and base-18 calendar used by pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya.
A baktun / ˈ b ɑː k t uː n / [1] (properly bʼakʼtun) is 20 kʼatun cycles of the ancient Maya Long Count Calendar. It contains 144,000 days, equal to 394.26 tropical years . The Classic period of Maya civilization occurred during the 8th and 9th baktuns of the current calendrical cycle.
The Maya calendar consists of several cycles or counts of different lengths. The 260-day count is known to scholars as the Tzolkin, or Tzolkʼin. [5] The Tzolkin was combined with a 365-day vague solar year known as the Haabʼ to form a synchronized cycle lasting for 52 Haabʼ called the Calendar Round.
The tzolkʼin calendar combines a cycle of twenty named days with another cycle of thirteen numbers (the trecena), to produce 260 unique days (20 × 13 = 260). [2] Each successive named day is numbered from 1 to 13, and then starting again at 1. The 20 individual named days are the following:
The tōnalpōhualli ("day count") consists of a cycle of 260 days, each day signified by a combination of a number from 1 to 13, and one of the twenty day signs. With each new day, both the number and day sign would be incremented: 1. Crocodile is followed by 2. Wind, 3. House, 4. Lizard, and so forth up to 13. Reed.
A kʼatun (/ ˈ k ɑː t uː n /, [1] Mayan pronunciation:) is a unit of time in the Maya calendar equal to 20 tuns or 7200 days, equivalent to 19.713 tropical years. It is the second digit on the normal Maya long count date. For example, in the Maya Long Count date 12.19.13.15.12 (December 5, 2006), the number 19 is the kʼatun.
A calendar is a system of organizing days. This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months and years. [1] [2] [3] A date is the designation of a single and specific day within such a system. A calendar is also a physical record (often paper) of such a system.
It is the smallest unit of Maya time to be counted as part of the long count and it usually appears as the last glyph in a long count date. Such long count dates can be seen on many inscriptions in the Mayan area at the start of the initial series which usually occurs at the beginning of an inscription. [1] "Kʼin" means "sun" in the Mayan ...