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Non-ligated: full forms of C 1 and C 2 with a visible virama. [6] If the result is fully or half-conjoined, the (conceptual) virama which made C 1 dead becomes invisible, logically existing only in a character encoding scheme such as ISCII or Unicode. If the result is not ligated, a virama is visible, attached to C 1, actually written.
A virama can be used to indicate that the consonant letter stands alone with no vowel, which sometimes happens at the end of Sanskrit words. Siddhaṃ texts were usually written from left to right then top to bottom, as with other Brahmic scripts, but occasionally they were written in the traditional Chinese style, from top to bottom then right ...
A third kudlít, ᜔ , called a sabat or krus, a virama removes a consonant's inherent a vowel, making it an independent consonant. The krus-kudlít virama was added to the original script by the Spanish priest Francisco Lopez in 1620. Later, the pamudpod virama ᜕ , which has the same function, was added. Beside these phonetic considerations ...
The glyphs for nma has a visible virama if not ligated (ന്മ), but if ligated, the virama disappears (ന്മ). Usually the difference between those forms is superficial and both are semantically identical, just like the meaning of the English word palaeography does not change even if it is spelled palæography, with the ligature æ.
To indicate that a consonant occurs without a following vowel (as when followed by another consonant, or at the end of a syllable), a virama (vowel-canceling) prefix is used: ⠈ ⠅ (virama-K) is क k, and ⠈ ⠹ (virama-TH) is थ th. However, unlike in print, there are no vowel diacritics in Bharati braille; vowels are written as full ...
When stacked, the first consonant is written normally (i.e., not super- or subscripted). It has an implied virama ် and is the final of the preceding syllable. In the case of ကမ္ဘာ, an implied virama is applied to the first consonant (မ်), which is the final of the preceding syllable က, producing ကမ် (kam).
Virama mutes the vowel of a consonant, so that only the consonant is pronounced. Example: క + ్ → క్ or [ka] + [∅] → [k] . Anusvara ( ం ) nasalize the vowels or syllables to which they are attached.
The three square seal style characters are BA, TA and NA; the leftward curl underneath BA is the /u/ vowel diacritic, changing the syllable to BU; the small heart-shaped character under TA is the subscript conjunct form of BA which also removes the default /a/ vowel from TA; the large curl to the upper right is the Kawi virama, which indicates ...