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  2. Esophagus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophagus

    The upper esophageal sphincter surrounds the upper part of the esophagus. It consists of skeletal muscle but is not under voluntary control. Opening of the upper esophageal sphincter is triggered by the swallowing reflex. The primary muscle of the upper esophageal sphincter is the cricopharyngeal part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. [9]

  3. Esophageal dysphagia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_dysphagia

    Consequently, the lower esophageal sphincter cannot close and this can lead to severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Patients typically present with progressive dysphagia to both solids and liquids secondary to motility problems or peptic stricture from acid reflux.

  4. Sphincter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphincter

    Diagram of ileocaecal valve and sphincter. The sphincter pupillae, or pupillary sphincter, belonging to the iris in the eye. The orbicularis oculi muscle, a muscle around the eye. The upper oesophageal sphincters; The lower esophageal sphincter, or cardiac sphincter, at the upper portion of the stomach.

  5. Human digestive system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_digestive_system

    The pharynx joins the esophagus at the esophageal inlet which is behind the cricoid cartilage. At rest the esophagus is closed at both ends, by the upper and lower esophageal sphincters. The opening of the upper sphincter is triggered by the swallowing reflex so that food is allowed through. The sphincter also serves to prevent back flow from ...

  6. Esophageal motility disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_motility_disorder

    An esophageal motility disorder (EMD) is any medical disorder resulting from dysfunction of the coordinated movement of esophagus, which causes dysphagia (i.e. difficulty in swallowing, regurgitation of food). [1] Primary motility disorders are: [1] Achalasia; Diffuse esophageal spasm; Nutcracker esophagus; Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter

  7. Retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_cricopharyngeal...

    A transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter allows swallowed air in the stomach to rise into the esophagus where it triggers a reflex relaxation and opening of the UES. In R-CPD, all steps of this 'belch reflex' occur normally up until the last one; despite gaseous distension of the esophagus, the UES fails to open.

  8. Esophageal stricture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_stricture

    It can be caused by or associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, [1] esophagitis, a dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter, disordered motility, lye ingestion, or a hiatal hernia. Strictures can form after esophageal surgery and other treatments such as laser therapy or photodynamic therapy. While the area heals, a scar forms, causing ...

  9. Angle of His - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_His

    The angle of His forms an anatomical sphincter. This prevents the reflux of stomach acid , digestive enzymes , and duodenal bile from entering the esophagus. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] This is important in preventing gastroesophageal reflux disease and inflammation of the esophagus.