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The terrestrial ecoregions of Mexico span two biogeographic realms - the Nearctic and Neotropic - which together constitute the entire biogeography of the Americas. Veracruz is the most biodiverse state with 10 ecoregions across 5 biomes and 2 realms. Chiapas comes in a close second with 10 ecoregions across 4 biomes in the same realm.
The agency in charge of Mexico's forests is the National Forestry Commission (Comisión Nacional Forestal). Despite major reforms to the Constitution in 1992 regarding private land, Mexico enacted major forest regulation laws in 1998 and 2003. [2]
There are currently 232 Protected Natural Areas in Mexico, covering 98 million hectares in total. They are protected and administered by the National Commission of Protected Natural Areas ( Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas , or 'CONANP'), a federal agency under the Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT). [ 1 ]
The Laguna Miramar in the Lacandon Jungle. The Lacandon Jungle (Spanish: Selva Lacandona) is an area of rainforest which stretches from Chiapas, Mexico, into Guatemala.The heart of this rainforest is located in the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve in Chiapas near the border with Guatemala in the Montañas del Oriente region of the state.
These may represent the largest area of undisturbed cloud forest in Mexico and Central America. Pine forest 20% Mostly pines, typically found in temperate and cooler areas. Semi-deciduous tropical forest 6% Trees are 4–15 m high, and more than 75% of the species lose their leaves during the dry season. Tropical rain forest 56%
Deforestation in Central America is one of the environmental problems that is linked to the settlement of agrarian frontier areas by land-seeking farmers and commercial agrarians, who facilitated the conversion of forest land to pasture, more expansion of cash crop like coffee, banana, logging activities, pasture and fuelwoods among other urbanization activities. [2]
In 1847 the city of Querétaro was named the capital of Mexico after Mexico City was invaded by the United States. [13] On May 30, 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, forcing Mexico to lose the northern half of its territory in exchange for ending the occupation of Mexico City and the main Mexican ports such as Veracruz .
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