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The address and value parameters may contain expressions, as long as the evaluated expressions correspond to valid memory addresses or values, respectively.A valid address in this context is an address within the computer's address space, while a valid value is (typically) an unsigned value between zero and the maximum unsigned number that the minimum addressable unit (memory cell) may hold.
A message that is m bits long can be viewed as a corner of the m-dimensional hypercube. The effect of a checksum algorithm that yields an n-bit checksum is to map each m-bit message to a corner of a larger hypercube, with dimension m + n. The 2 m + n corners of this hypercube represent all possible received messages.
The checksum was the sum of all 128 data bytes in the packet modulo 256. The complete packet was thus 132 bytes long, containing 128 bytes of payload data, for a total channel efficiency of about 97%. The file was marked "complete" with a <EOT> character sent after the last block. This character was not in a packet, but sent alone as a single byte.
An Adler-32 checksum is obtained by calculating two 16-bit checksums A and B and concatenating their bits into a 32-bit integer. A is the sum of all bytes in the stream plus one, and B is the sum of the individual values of A from each step. At the beginning of an Adler-32 run, A is initialized to 1, B to 0. The sums are done modulo 65521 (the ...
0x90 is the one-byte encoding for XCHG AX,AX in 16-bit code and XCHG EAX,EAX in 32-bit code. In long mode, XCHG RAX,RAX requires two bytes, as it would begin with an REX.W prefix, making the encoding 0x48 0x90. However, 0x90 is interpreted as a NOP in long mode regardless of whether it is preceded by 0x48. [2] multi-byte NOP
Current Linux also uses GS to point to thread-local storage. Segments can be defined to be either code, data, or system segments. Additional permission bits are present to make segments read only, read/write, execute, etc. In protected mode, code may always modify all segment registers except CS (the code segment selector). This is because the ...
dc (desk calculator) is a cross-platform reverse-Polish calculator which supports arbitrary-precision arithmetic. [1] It was written by Lorinda Cherry and Robert Morris at Bell Labs. [2] It is one of the oldest Unix utilities, preceding even the invention of the C programming language. Like other utilities of that vintage, it has a powerful set ...
A parity bit is a bit that is added to a group of source bits to ensure that the number of set bits (i.e., bits with value 1) in the outcome is even or odd. It is a very simple scheme that can be used to detect single or any other odd number (i.e., three, five, etc.) of errors in the output.