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Hydroxyproline is found in few proteins other than collagen. For this reason, hydroxyproline content has been used as an indicator to determine collagen and/or gelatin amount. However, the mammalian proteins elastin and argonaute 2 have collagen-like domains in which hydroxyproline is formed.
Procollagen-proline dioxygenase catalyzes the following reaction: L-proline + alpha-ketoglutaric acid + O 2 → (2S, 4R)-4-hydroxyproline + succinate + CO 2. The mechanism for the reaction is similar to that of other dioxygenases, and occurs in two distinct stages: [3] In the first, a highly reactive Fe(IV)=O species is produced.
In 1954, Ramachandran & Kartha (13, 14) advanced a structure for the collagen triple helix on the basis of fiber diffraction data. It consists of a triple helix made of the repetitious amino acid sequence glycine-X-Y, where X and Y are frequently proline or hydroxyproline. [2] [3] Collagen folded into a triple helix is known as tropocollagen.
It is used to stain collagen. If blue is preferred to green, methyl blue or water blue can be substituted. Standard applications: Masson's trichrome staining is widely used to study muscular pathologies (muscular dystrophy), cardiac pathologies , hepatic pathologies or kidney pathologies (glomerular fibrosis). It can also be used to detect and ...
The Buehler test is an in vivo test to screen for substances that cause human skin sensitisation (i.e. allergens).It was first proposed by Edwin Vernon Buehler in 1965 [1] and further explained in 1980.
"4-Hydroxyproline, or hydroxyproline (C5H9O3N), is an uncommon amino acid" "Hydroxyproline is a major component of the protein collagen" and under Collagen: "Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals,[1] making up about 25% of the whole-body protein content."
Catgut suture is a type of surgical suture made of twisted strands of purified collagen taken from the small intestine of domesticated ruminants or beef tendon. It is naturally degraded by the body's own proteolytic enzymes. Full tensile strength remains for at least 7 days, and absorption is complete by 90 days. This eventual disintegration ...
The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is an in vivo test for skin sensitisation. LLNA has largely superseded the guinea pig maximisation test and the Buehler test . It is considered more scientific and less cruel (lower number of animals; less suffering) and has found broad scientific and regulatory acceptance.