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Hydroxyproline is a major component of the protein collagen, [3] comprising roughly 13.5% of mammalian collagen. Hydroxyproline and proline play key roles for collagen stability. [ 4 ] They permit the sharp twisting of the collagen helix. [ 5 ]
Procollagen-proline dioxygenase catalyzes the following reaction: L-proline + alpha-ketoglutaric acid + O 2 → (2S, 4R)-4-hydroxyproline + succinate + CO 2. The mechanism for the reaction is similar to that of other dioxygenases, and occurs in two distinct stages: [3] In the first, a highly reactive Fe(IV)=O species is produced.
The use of dogs and cats in research in the U.S. decreased from 1973 to 2016 from 195,157 to 60,979, and from 66,165 to 18,898, respectively. [94] In the UK, Home Office figures show that 3.79 million procedures were carried out in 2017. [139] 2,960 procedures used non-human primates, down over 50% since 1988. A "procedure" refers here to an ...
Bating was a fermentative process that relied on enzymes produced by bacteria found in the dung. Among the kinds of dung commonly used were those of dogs or pigeons. [4] Historically the actual tanning process used vegetable tanning. In some variations of the process, cedar oil, alum, or tannin was applied to the skin as a tanning agent. As the ...
The proximity extension assay (PEA) is a method for detecting and quantifying the amount of many specific proteins present in a biological sample such as serum or plasma. [1] The method is used in the research field of proteomics , specifically affinity proteomics, [ 2 ] where in one searches for differences in the abundance of many specific ...
An assay (analysis) is never an isolated process, as it must be accompanied with pre- and post-analytic procedures. Both the communication order (the request to perform an assay plus related information) and the handling of the specimen itself (the collecting, documenting, transporting, and processing done before beginning the assay) are pre-analytic steps.
Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) is an orthopedic procedure to repair deficient cranial cruciate ligaments in dogs. It has also been used in cats. This procedure was developed by Dr. Slobodan Tepic and Professor Pierre Montavon at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zurich, in Zurich, Switzerland beginning in the late 1990s.
"4-Hydroxyproline, or hydroxyproline (C5H9O3N), is an uncommon amino acid" "Hydroxyproline is a major component of the protein collagen" and under Collagen: "Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals,[1] making up about 25% of the whole-body protein content."