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Increased serum and urine levels of hydroxyproline have also been demonstrated in Paget's disease. [10] Mass spectrometry analysis showed decreased amount of hydroxyproline post-translational modifications in non inflamed tissue from ulcerative colitis patients when compared to tissue from donors without the disease. [11]
Prolidase deficiency generally becomes evident during infancy, but initial symptoms can first manifest anytime from birth to young adulthood. The condition results in a very diverse set symptoms, [3] the severity of which can vary significantly between patients, depending on the degree to which prolidase activity is hampered by the individual underlying mutation(s) in each case.
Hyperprolinemia has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Mutations in the ALDH4A1 and PRODH genes cause hyperprolinemia. [1]Hyperprolinemia type I is caused by a mutation in the PRODH gene, which codes for the enzyme proline oxidase.
Iminoglycinuria is an autosomal recessive [4] disorder of renal tubular transport affecting reabsorption of the amino acid glycine, and the imino acids proline and hydroxyproline. [4] [5] This results in excess urinary excretion of all three acids (-uria denotes "in the urine"). [6]
Urinalysis, a portmanteau of the words urine and analysis, [1] is a panel of medical tests that includes physical (macroscopic) examination of the urine, chemical evaluation using urine test strips, and microscopic examination.
Kidneys are important for regulating blood pressure and filtering waste products from the bloodstream; managing urine excretion to prevent dehydration; and regulating levels of electrolytes and ...
In urine cytology, collected urine is examined microscopically. One limitation, however, is the inability to definitively identify low-grade cancer cells and urine cytology is used mostly to identify high-grade tumors. [4] If the test detects atypical or cancerous cells, further tests may be recommended, such as cystoscopy and a CT scan.
Few desserts command attention quite like a red velvet cake. Layers of bold red, likened to velvet because of the cake’s signature light and tender crumb, accented by stark white icing—of ...
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