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An erosion gully in Australia caused by rabbits, an unintended consequence of their introduction as game animals. In the social sciences, unintended consequences (sometimes unanticipated consequences or unforeseen consequences, more colloquially called knock-on effects) are outcomes of a purposeful action that are not intended or foreseen.
Manifest functions are the consequences that people see, observe or even expect. It is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action. The manifest function of a rain dance, used as an example by Merton in his 1957 Social Theory and Social Structure, is to produce rain, and this outcome is intended and desired by people participating in the ritual.
The American Psychological Association concluded that the available evidence does not support the use of zero-tolerance policies as defined and implemented, that there is a clear need to modify such policies, and that the policies create a number of unintended negative consequences, [28] [29] including making schools "less safe".
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Everyone is aware of the intended consequences, but the unintended are more difficult to recognize, and therefore, sociological analysis is required to uncover what they may be. [24] In his 1936 essay, "The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Social Action", Merton uncovered the wide field of human activity where things do not go as planned ...
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In June, the Board of Education passed a new regulation after it said schools were discussing the “selection and use of age-appropriate, educationally suitable materials for K-12 students in ...
The unintended negative consequences are clearly documented and sometimes severe: [40] school suspension and expulsion result in a number of negative outcomes for both schools and students. [39] Although the policies are facially neutral, minority children are the most likely to suffer the negative consequences of zero tolerance. [42]