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A finned air cooled heatsink with fan clipped onto a CPU, with a smaller passive heatsink without fan in the background A 3-fan heatsink mounted on a video card to maximize cooling efficiency of the GPU and surrounding components Commodore 128DCR computer's switch-mode power supply, with a user-installed 60 mm cooling fan.
The declared TPDs of these devices range from 65 W to 105 W; the ambient temperature considered by AMD is +42°C, and the case temperatures range from +61.8 °C to +69.3°C, while the case-to-ambient thermal resistances range from 0.189 to 0.420 °C/W.
TM2 reduces processor temperature by lowering the CPU clock multiplier, and thereby the processor core speed. [2] In contrast, Thermal Monitor 1 inserts an idle cycle into the CPU for thermal control without decreasing multipliers. TM1 and TM2 are associated with DTS/PECI — Digital Temperature Sensor/Platform Environment Control Interface. [3]
Different software is used by different motherboards. There are also third-party programs that work on a variety of motherboards and allow wide customization of fan behavior depending on temperature readings from the motherboard, CPU, and GPU sensors, as well as allowing manual control. Two such programs are SpeedFan [11] and Argus Monitor. [12]
Active cooling on CPUs started to appear on the Intel 80486, and by 1997 was standard on all desktop processors. [2] Chassis or case fans, usually one exhaust fan to expel heated air from the rear and optionally an intake fan to draw cooler air in through the front, became common with the arrival of the Pentium 4 in late 2000.
The dynamic power consumed by a CPU is approximately proportional to the CPU frequency, and to the square of the CPU voltage: [5] P d y n = C V 2 f {\displaystyle P_{dyn}=CV^{2}f} where C is the switched load capacitance, f is frequency, V is voltage.
The Pentium III [2] (marketed as Intel Pentium III Processor, informally PIII or P3) brand refers to Intel's 32-bit x86 desktop and mobile CPUs based on the sixth-generation P6 microarchitecture introduced on February 28, 1999.
AMD Turion processor die. AMD Turion is the brand name AMD applies to its x86-64 low-power consumption mobile processors codenamed K8L. [1] The Turion 64 and Turion 64 X2/Ultra processors compete with Intel's mobile processors, initially the Pentium M and the Intel Core and Intel Core 2 processors.