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In Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life, Theodore Porter reverses the classic notion that quantification descends from the successes of natural sciences being adopted by other disciplines, to investigate instead the opposite movement, whereby quantification is driven by political, administrative and bureaucratic necessities to standardize, communicate, and ...
The role of quantification in historiography and macrohistory is the subject of The Measure of Reality: Quantification in Western Europe, 1250-1600, a 1997 nonfiction book by Alfred W. Crosby. The book examines the origins and effects of quantitative thinking in post-medieval European history, suggesting it as a major factor in the ensuing ...
Each kind of quantification defines a corresponding closure operator on the set of formulas, by adding, for each free variable x, a quantifier to bind x. [9] For example, the existential closure of the open formula n >2 ∧ x n + y n = z n is the closed formula ∃ n ∃ x ∃ y ∃ z ( n >2 ∧ x n + y n = z n ); the latter formula, when ...
Because quantization is a many-to-few mapping, it is an inherently non-linear and irreversible process (i.e., because the same output value is shared by multiple input values, it is impossible, in general, to recover the exact input value when given only the output value).
The main application of statistical power is "power analysis", a calculation of power usually done before an experiment is conducted using data from pilot studies or a literature review. Power analyses can be used to calculate the minimum sample size required so that one can be reasonably likely to detect an effect of a given size (in other ...
In machine learning and data mining, quantification (variously called learning to quantify, or supervised prevalence estimation, or class prior estimation) is the task of using supervised learning in order to train models (quantifiers) that estimate the relative frequencies (also known as prevalence values) of the classes of interest in a sample of unlabelled data items.
Ethics of quantification is the study of the ethical issues associated to different forms of visible or invisible forms of quantification. These could include algorithms , metrics/ indicators , statistical and mathematical modelling , as noted in a review of various aspects of sociology of quantification .
Quantitative linguistics is an area of linguistics that relies on quantification. For example, [ 7 ] indices of grammaticalization of morphemes , such as phonological shortness, dependence on surroundings, and fusion with the verb, have been developed and found to be significantly correlated across languages with stage of evolution of function ...