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Haversian canals [i] (sometimes canals of Havers, osteonic canals or central canals) are a series of microscopic tubes in the outermost region of bone called cortical bone. They allow blood vessels and nerves to travel through them to supply the osteocytes .
Each osteon consists of concentric layers, or lamellae, of compact bone tissue that surround a central canal, the Haversian canal. The Haversian canal contains the bone's blood supplies. The boundary of an osteon is the cement line. Each Haversian canal is surrounded by varying number (5-20) of concentrically arranged lamellae of bone matrix.
Havers' thesis. Clopton Havers (24 February 1657 – April 1702) was an English physician who did pioneering research on the microstructure of bone. He is believed to have been the first person to observe and almost certainly the first to describe what are now called Haversian canals and Sharpey's fibres.
In bovine tibia diameter of canaliculi was found to vary from 155 to 844 nm (average 426 nm). [2] In mice humeri it varies from 80 to 710 nm (average 259 nm), while diameter of osteocytic processes varies from 50 to 410 nm (average 104 nm).
Volkmann's canals, also known as perforating holes or channels, are anatomic arrangements in cortical bones that allow blood vessels to enter the bones from periosteum. They interconnect the Haversian canals (running inside osteons ) with each other and the periosteum.
The Central Valley is a region known for its agricultural productivity. It provides a large share of the food produced in California. California provides more than half of the fruits, vegetables, and nuts grown in the United States. [3] More than 7,000,000 acres (28,000 km 2) of the valley are irrigated via reservoirs and canals. [4]
The UC team said California could meet about 15% its electricity demand with solar panels on all 4,000 or so miles of canal statewide. That’s a quarter of the way to the mandate for 60% climate ...
The CVP stores about 13 million acre-feet (16 km 3) of water in 20 reservoirs in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, the Klamath Mountains and the California Coast Ranges, and passes about 7.4 million acre-feet (9.1 km 3) of water annually through its canals.