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[297] [298] While that measure did not pass, Cotnam was able to persuade the Governor to call for a special legislative session in 1917. [299] During this session, a bill to allow women to vote in primary elections was passed. [300] Arkansas became the first state that did not have equal suffrage to pass a primary election law for women. [301]
By the end of the 1820s, attitudes and state laws had shifted in favor of universal white male suffrage. [9] Maryland passes a law to allow Jews to vote. [10] Maryland was the last state to remove religious restrictions for voting. [11]
1913: Illinois grants municipal and presidential but not state suffrage to women. [6] 1913: Kate Gordon organizes the Southern States Woman Suffrage Conference, where suffragists plan to lobby state legislatures for laws that will enfranchise white women only. [3] 1913: The Senate votes on a women's suffrage amendment, but it does not pass. [3]
Work toward a national suffrage amendment had been sharply curtailed in favor of state suffrage campaigns after the two rival suffrage organizations merged in 1890 to form the NAWSA. Interest in a national suffrage amendment was revived primarily by Alice Paul. [152]
U.S. presidential election popular vote totals as a percentage of the total U.S. population. Note the surge in 1828 (extension of suffrage to non-property-owning white men), the drop from 1890 to 1910 (when Southern states disenfranchised most African Americans and many poor whites), and another surge in 1920 (extension of suffrage to women).
However, a suffrage amendment did not pass the House of Representatives until May 21, 1919, which was quickly followed by the Senate, on June 4, 1919. It was then submitted to the states for ratification, achieving the requisite 36 ratifications to secure adoption, and thereby went into effect, on August 18, 1920.
The introduction of women's suffrage was already put onto the agenda at the time, by means of including an article in the constitution that allowed approval of women's suffrage by special law (meaning it needed a 2/3 majority to pass). [185]
Colorado : first state in the union to enfranchise women by popular vote. [37] 1895 South Australia: universal suffrage, extending the franchise from property-owning women (granted in 1861) to all women, the first colony in Australia to do so. Women were also granted the right to stand for election.