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Phenylalanine ball and stick model spinning. Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) [3] is an essential α-amino acid with the formula C 9 H 11 NO 2.It can be viewed as a benzyl group substituted for the methyl group of alanine, or a phenyl group in place of a terminal hydrogen of alanine.
In plants, the shikimate pathway first leads to the formation of chorismate, which is the precursor of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. These aromatic amino acids are the precursors of many secondary metabolites , all essential to a plant's biological functions, such as the hormones salicylate and auxin .
Vapor phases represent the simplest non polar phases, because it has no interaction with the solute. [18] The hydration potential and its correlation to the appearance of amino acids on the surface of proteins was studied by Wolfenden. Aqueous and polymer phases were used in the development of a novel partitioning scale. [19]
The hydrophobic effect was found to be entropy-driven at room temperature because of the reduced mobility of water molecules in the solvation shell of the non-polar solute; however, the enthalpic component of transfer energy was found to be favorable, meaning it strengthened water-water hydrogen bonds in the solvation shell due to the reduced ...
Phenylalanine: Phe F Aromatic Nonpolar Neutral 2.8 257, 206, 188 0.2, 9.3, 60.0 165.192 3.87 UUY Proline: Pro P Cyclic Nonpolar Neutral −1.6 115.132 5.02 CCN Serine: Ser S Hydroxylic Polar Neutral −0.8 105.093 7.14 UCN, AGY Threonine: Thr T Hydroxylic Polar Neutral −0.7 119.119 5.53 ACN Tryptophan: Trp W Aromatic Nonpolar Neutral −0.9 ...
When comparing a polar and nonpolar molecule with similar molar masses, the polar molecule in general has a higher boiling point, because the dipole–dipole interaction between polar molecules results in stronger intermolecular attractions. One common form of polar interaction is the hydrogen bond, which is also
Most common among natural products is the amino acid phenylalanine, which contains a phenyl group. A major product of the petrochemical industry is " BTX " consisting of benzene, toluene, and xylene - all of which are building blocks for phenyl compounds.
The side chains from the amino acid residues found in a β-sheet structure may also be arranged such that many of the adjacent sidechains on one side of the sheet are hydrophobic, while many of those adjacent to each other on the alternate side of the sheet are polar or charged (hydrophilic), [22] which can be useful if the sheet is to form a ...