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Aboriginal Tasmanians first came to contact with Europeans when the Baudin expedition to Australia arrived at Adventure Bay in 1802. [101] The French explorers were more friendly to the Indigenous than the British further north. [101]
The term Aboriginal Australians includes many distinct peoples who have developed across Australia for over 50,000 years. [ 15 ] [ 61 ] These peoples have a broadly shared, though complex, genetic history, [ 62 ] [ 40 ] but it is only in the last two hundred years that they have been defined and started to self-identify as a single group, socio ...
The prehistory of Australia is the period between the first human habitation of the Australian continent and the colonisation of Australia in 1788, which marks the start of consistent written documentation of Australia. This period has been variously estimated, with most evidence suggesting that it goes back between 50,000 and 65,000 years.
In 1801–02 Matthew Flinders in HMS Investigator led the first circumnavigation of Australia. Aboard ship was the Aboriginal explorer Bungaree, who became the first person born on the Australian continent to circumnavigate it. [132] Matthew Flinders led the first successful circumnavigation of Australia in 1801–02.
South Australia was founded as a "free province"—it was never a penal colony. [33] Victoria and Western Australia were also founded "free", but later accepted transported convicts. [34] [35] A campaign by the settlers of New South Wales led to the end of convict transportation to that colony; the last convict ship arrived in 1848. [36]
The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south-east Asia 50,000 to 65,000 years ago, during the last glacial period. [1] [2] Arriving by sea, they settled the continent and had formed approximately 250 distinct language groups by the time of European settlement, maintaining some of the longest known continuing artistic and religious traditions in the world.
In 1938, over 100 Aboriginal people protested one of the first Australia Day celebrations by gathering for an "Aborigines Conference" in Sydney and marking the day as the "Day of Protest and Mourning"; [173] the day is now often referred to as "Survival Day" or "Invasion Day" by Indigenous peoples.
First Aboriginal person and first woman to become a permanent head of ministry in Australia: Patricia O'Shane; 1982. First Indigenous Australian woman to gain a private pilot's licence: Virginia Wykes. [91] First Indigenous Australian man to play at Wimbledon: Ian Goolagong (mixed doubles with sister Evonne). [92]