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GNU GRUB (short for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader, commonly referred to as GRUB) is a boot loader package from the GNU Project.GRUB is the reference implementation of the Free Software Foundation's Multiboot Specification, which provides a user the choice to boot one of multiple operating systems installed on a computer or select a specific kernel configuration available on a particular ...
Ubuntu releases are also given code names, using an adjective and an animal with the same first letter – an alliteration, e.g., "Dapper Drake".With the exception of the first two releases, code names are in alphabetical order, and except for the first three releases, the first letters are sequential, allowing a quick determination of which release is newer.
The key data structure is the "node". Similar to traditional file structures, F2FS has three types of nodes: inode, direct node, indirect node.
The SYSLINUX bootloader can be used to boot multiple distributions from a single source such as a USB stick. [2] A minor complication is involved when booting from compact discs. The El Torito standard allows booting in two different modes: No emulation – Requires storing the boot information directly on the CD. ISOLINUX is suitable for this ...
Grub+Linux also supports booting from a GUID partition table without UEFI. [18] The distribution Ubuntu added support for UEFI Secure Boot as of version 12.10. [121] Furthermore, the Linux kernel can be compiled with the option to run as an EFI bootloader on its own through the EFI boot stub feature.
GNU-EFI and TianoCore are supported as main development platforms for writing binary UEFI applications in C to launch right from the rEFInd GUI menu. Typical purposes of an EFI application are fixing boot problems and programmatically modifying settings within UEFI environment, which would otherwise be performed from within the BIOS of a personal computer (PC) without UEFI.
As of 2019, Ubuntu supports experimental installation of ZFS as a root filesystem, starting with the 19.10 release ("Eoan Ermine"), to support coexistence of a nearly pure ZFS OS with GRUB and other operating systems on the same disk.
While Bash was developed for UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems such as GNU/Linux, [14] it is also available on Windows, BeOS, [15] [16] and Haiku. [17]Brian Fox began coding Bash on January 10, 1988, [18] after Richard Stallman became dissatisfied with the lack of progress being made by a prior developer. [7]