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Orbital measurements showed that this dust storm reduced the average temperature of the surface and raised the temperature of the atmosphere of Mars by 30 K. [31] The low density of the Martian atmosphere means that winds of 18 to 22 m/s (65 to 79 km/h) are needed to lift dust from the surface, but since Mars is so dry, the dust can stay in the ...
[3] [5] [2] The atmosphere of Mars is much thinner and colder than Earth's having a max density 20g/m 3 (about 2% of Earth’s value) with a temperature generally below zero down to -60 Celsius. The average surface pressure is about 610 pascals (0.088 psi) which is 0.6% of the Earth's value. [2]
During a year, there are large surface temperature swings on the surface between −78.5 °C (−109.3 °F) to 5.7 °C (42.3 °F) [c] similar to Earth's seasons, as both planets have significant axial tilt, Earth at 23.5 degrees and Mars at 25 degrees. Mars was formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago.
The symbol for degrees Rankine is °R [2] (or °Ra if necessary to distinguish it from the Rømer and Réaumur scales). By analogy with the SI unit kelvin, some authors term the unit Rankine, omitting the degree symbol. [4] [5] Some temperatures relating the Rankine scale to other temperature scales are shown in the table below.
To convert a delta temperature from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius, the formula is {ΔT} °F = 9 / 5 {ΔT} °C. To convert a delta temperature from degrees Celsius to kelvin, it is 1:1 ({ΔT} °C = {ΔT} K).
The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval (a difference between two temperatures). From 1744 until 1954, 0 °C was defined as the freezing point of water and 100 °C was defined as the boiling point of water, both at a pressure of one standard atmosphere.
There are large variations in surface temperature over space and time on airless or near-airless bodies like Mars, which has daily surface temperature variations of 50–60 K. [18] [19] Because of a relative lack of air to transport or retain heat, significant variations in temperature develop. Assuming the planet radiates as a blackbody (i.e ...
[9] [26] There can be large temperature swings on Mars, for example at the equator it may reach 70 degrees F (20 degrees C) in the daytime but then go down to minus 100 degrees F (−73 C) at night. [27] Examples of Mars surface temperatures: [27] Average −80 degrees Fahrenheit (−60 degrees Celsius).