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A topographic map series uses a common specification that includes the range of cartographic symbols employed, as well as a standard geodetic framework that defines the map projection, coordinate system, ellipsoid and geodetic datum. Official topographic maps also adopt a national grid referencing system.
NGS Survey Data Explorer is an interactive map that will find markers in a selected location. Marker types identified. Marker links to data sheet. This website provides a state-by-state mapping of NGS survey marks on to Google Maps, enabling one to search for these marks visually. Description and history of the types of markers used in the ...
A "quadrangle" is a topographic map produced by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) covering the United States. The maps are usually named after local physiographic features. The shorthand " quad " is also used, especially with the name of the map; for example, "the Ranger Creek, Texas quad".
An Ordnance Survey cut mark in the UK Occasionally a non-vertical face, and a slightly different mark, was used. The term benchmark, bench mark, or survey benchmark originates from the chiseled horizontal marks that surveyors made in stone structures, into which an angle iron could be placed to form a "bench" for a leveling rod, thus ensuring that a leveling rod could be accurately ...
In the future, a good way to follow should be to start a methodical project, based on the German Location map initiative, working continent after continent and country after country, to provide a complete set of SVG topographic maps, respecting these topographic conventions. To learn. Several tutorials are now available, on wiki-en, wiki-fr ...
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographical survey maps included contour representation of relief, and so maps that show relief, especially with exact representation of elevation, came to be called topographic maps (or "topo" maps) in the United States, and the usage has spread internationally.
The United States remains virtually the only developed country in the world without a standardized civilian topographic map series in the standard 1:25,000 or 1:50,000 metric scales, making coordination difficult in border regions (the U.S. military does issue 1:50,000 scale topo maps of the continental United States, though only for use by ...
Recent USGS digital National Map omits several important geographic details that were featured in the original USGS topographic map series (1945–1992). [62] Examples of omitted details and features include power transmission lines, telephone lines, railroads, recreational trails, pipelines, survey marks, and buildings. [ 62 ]