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The Companies Act 2013 (No. 18 of 2013) is an Act of the Parliament of India which forms the primary source of Indian company law. It received presidential assent on 29 August 2013, and largely superseded the Companies Act 1956 .
The new CSR legislation under section 135 of the Companies Act 2013 requires companies of a certain size to spend 2% of their net profit [8] on activities as prescribed under schedule VII, which are primarily aimed at community development. The canvas of CSR remains narrow and de-linked from the core-business activities of a company.
The 2013 Companies Act superseded the Companies Act of 1956, under whose provisions Indian corporations previously operated.In addition to the Companies Act, corporations are subject to other regulations administered by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), [1] which has two branches: the Regional Director (RD) and the Registrar of Companies (ROC).
Beginning in the second half of the 20th century, there has been an increased awareness of companies' impact on their social and ecological environment. [1] Under the umbrella label of corporate responsibility, several management concepts have been proposed to encourage corporations to contribute actively to the welfare of these environments. [2]
Corporate social responsibility may cover: A company running its business responsibly in relation to internal stakeholders ( shareholders , employees , customers and suppliers) The role of business in relation to the state (locally and nationally) as well as to inter-state institutions or standards
In 2014, India also enacted a mandatory minimum CSR spending law. Under Companies Act, 2013, any company having a net worth of 500 crore or more or a turnover of 1,000 crore or a net profit of 5 crore must spend 2% of their net profits on CSR activities. [183] The rules came into effect on 1 April 2014. [184]
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In late 2002, SEBI constituted a Committee to assess the adequacy of current corporate governance practices and to suggest improvements. Based on the recommendations of this committee, SEBI issued a modified Clause 49 on 29 October 2004 (the ‘revised Clause 49’) which came into operation on 1 January 2006.