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Diagnostic methods for hypertensive encephalopathy include physical examination, blood pressure measurement, blood sampling, ECG, EEG, chest X-ray, urinalysis, arterial blood gas analysis, and imaging of the head (CAT scan and/or MRI). Since decreasing blood pressure is essential, anti-hypertensive medication is administered without awaiting ...
In children, numerous nonspecific signs and symptoms may be present. [7] The increased pressure leads to compression and traction of the cranial nerves, a group of nerves that arise from the brain stem and supply the face and neck. Most commonly, the abducens nerve (sixth nerve) is involved. This nerve supplies the muscle that pulls the eye ...
Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure exerted by fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the skull and on the brain tissue. ICP is measured in millimeters of mercury ( mmHg ) and at rest, is normally 7–15 mmHg for a supine adult.
Head injuries from shaking are most common amongst infants and children. [ 28 ] According to the United States CDC , 32% of traumatic brain injuries (another, more specific, term for head injuries) are caused by falls, 10% by assaults, 16.5% by being struck by or against something, 17% by motor vehicle accidents, and 21% by other/unknown ways.
In 2005, Preston Plevretes, a football player for LaSalle University, had his life changed forever by second-impact syndrome. After undergoing a head-to-head hit at football practice, a university nurse practitioner diagnosed Plevretes with a concussion and two days later was told he was allowed to resume play.
Subdural hygromas require two conditions in order to occur. First, there must be a separation in the layers of the Meninges of the brain. Second, the resulting subdural space that occurs from the separation of layers must remain uncompressed in order for CSF to accumulate in the subdural space, resulting in the hygroma. [1]
They may reach puberty earlier than the average child (this is called precocious puberty). About one in four develops epilepsy. [15] Adults: In adults, acute hydrocephalus can have many of the same signs and symptoms (headaches, vomiting, nausea, papilledema, sleepiness, or coma) of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that are seen in ...
Closed-head injuries are caused primarily by vehicular accidents, falls, acts of violence, and sports injuries. [4] Falls account for 35.2% of brain injuries in the United States, with rates highest for children ages 0–4 years and adults ages 75 years and older. [3] Head injuries are more common in men than women across every age group. [3]