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Textile testing, like textiles, is a vast subject. The historical evolution of textile measuring, and testing methods is difficult to consolidate as the subject is scattered and has different stage timelines for its starting points. [3] At the end of the 18th century, the first mechanical spinning mills began to operate.
[6] [7] For example standard test methods for visually inspecting and grading fabrics (ASTM D5430) [8] and four-point system. Today, the 4-point system is the most commonly used fabric inspection system which as implied by the name, works with a 1 to 4 deduction system in which the highest defect rating is 4 points. [9]
The test method evaluates the thermal resistance and water vapor permeability of fabrics, which bear on the garment's comfort. [ 115 ] [ 116 ] ISO 11092:2014 (the test for physiological effects — Test for measuring thermal resistance and water-vapor resistance) [ 117 ]
The different test methods are used as per the final destination of the product (Europe, U.S.A., etc.) and the expected washing or laundry methods in practice. Mainly I.S.O. and AATCC standards are used for shrinkage testing. There are few brands which are customizing the test method as per their quality norms. Test Method(s): [10]
The B-1 variant of test method puts membrane in direct contact with water while B-2 variant adds an ePTFE film between the water and the fabric. While B-2 is a good test, it eliminates the effect of fabric when in direct contact with water. When sweat condenses on the inside of a fabric with a hydrophilic laminate, the lamination will actively ...
The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Society of Dyers and Colourists played vital roles in establishing the test methods. [12] There are various tests and testing methods according to the physical and functional requirements of the product.
The Kawabata evaluation system (KES) is used to measure the mechanical properties of fabrics. [1] The system was developed by a team led by Professor Kawabata in the department of polymer chemistry, Kyoto University Japan. KES is composed of four different machines on which a total of six tests can be performed: [2]
Developed in 1998 by Committee RA106, the testing standard for sun protective fabrics in the United States is the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) Test Method 183. [7] This method is based on the original guidelines established in Australia in 1994.