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As with rats, humans exhibit hippocampal theta wave activity during REM sleep. [7] Humans also exhibit predominantly cortical theta wave activity during REM sleep. [8] Increased sleepiness is associated with decreased alpha wave power and increased theta wave power. [8] Meditation has been shown to increase theta power. [9]
To resolve this contradiction, a mechanism relying on the theta waves and the phase precession has been proposed: Representations of different memory entities (such as a place, face, person etc.) are repeated on each theta cycle at a given theta phase during the episode to be remembered. Expected, ongoing, and completed entities have early ...
Beta waves, or beta rhythm, are neural oscillations (brainwaves) in the brain with a frequency range of between 12.5 and 30 Hz (12.5 to 30 cycles per second). Several different rhythms coexist, with some being inhibitory and others excitory in function.
This spontaneous activity is classified into four main classifications based on the frequency of the activity, ranging from low frequency delta waves (< 4 Hz) commonly found during sleep to beta waves (13–30 Hz) associated with an awake and alert brain. In between these two extremes are theta waves (4–8 Hz) and alpha waves (8–12 Hz). [4]
It has been proposed that the trisynaptic circuit is responsible for the generation of hippocampal theta waves. These waves are responsible for the synchronization of different brain regions, especially the limbic system. [9] In rats, theta waves range between 3–8 Hz and their amplitudes range from 50 to 100 μV.
There are many kinds, generally written as A-B coupling, meaning the A of a slow wave is coupled with the B of a fast wave. For example, phase–amplitude coupling is where the phase of a slow wave is coupled with the amplitude of a fast wave. [70] The theta-gamma code is a coupling between theta wave and gamma wave in the hippocampal network ...
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The time scale at which the waves travel at is the same speed it takes for neurons to communicate with each other. [8] Doubts, however, remain whether a link exists between sleep spindles and memory with a recent meta-review of 53 studies concluding that "there is no relationship between sleep spindles and memory, and thus it is unlikely that ...
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