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(In reality, the Sun is almost exactly spherical.) The Sun also appears larger on the horizon, an optical illusion, similar to the moon illusion. [citation needed] Locations within the Arctic and Antarctic Circles experience periods where the Sun does not rise or set for 24 hours or more, known as polar day and polar night.
The Sun rises in the east (far arrow), culminates in the south (to the right) while moving to the right, and sets in the west (near arrow). Both rise and set positions are displaced towards the north in midsummer and the south in midwinter. In the Southern Hemisphere, south is to the left. The Sun rises in the east (near arrow), culminates in ...
The position of the Sun in the sky is a function of both the time and the geographic location of observation on Earth's surface. As Earth orbits the Sun over the course of a year, the Sun appears to move with respect to the fixed stars on the celestial sphere, along a circular path called the ecliptic.
The shortest day is two weeks away, but the earliest sunsets are here. The earliest sunset (Dec. 4) and latest sunrise (Jan. 11) are 38 days apart.
The Earth is tilted approximately 23.5 degrees on its axis, and each solstice is dictated by the amount of solar declination, or "the latitude of Earth where the sun is directly overhead at noon ...
Scientists said the sun is now in its solar maximum, or the peak of its 11-year solar cycle.
These angles are set on the compass for a chosen time of day, the compass base is set up level using the spirit levels provided, and then the sights are aligned with the Sun at the specified time, so the image of the Sun is projected onto the cross grating target. At this point the compass base will be aligned true north–south.
There are four systems in use: the heliocentric inertial (HCI) system, the heliocentric Aries ecliptic (HAE) system, the heliocentric Earth ecliptic (HEE) system, and the heliocentric Earth equatorial (HEEQ) system. They are summarized in the following table. The third axis not presented in the table completes a right-handed Cartesian triad.