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Most infections are mild and require no therapy or only symptomatic treatment. Under research [1] Trypanosoma brucei: African sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) Identification of trypanosomes in a sample by microscopic examination Fexinidazole by mouth or pentamidine by injection for T. b. gambiense.
[19] [20] [21] The morbidity and mortality of TB and HIV/AIDS have been closely linked, known as "TB/HIV syndemic". [21] [22] According to the World Health Organization, approximately 10 million new TB infections occur every year, and 1.5 million people die from it each year – making it the world's top infectious killer (before COVID-19 ...
A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells. [ 1 ] Examples include the common cold , gastroenteritis , COVID-19 , the flu , and rabies .
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
[13]: 170 Incubation periods for viral diseases range from a few days to weeks, but are known for most infections. [ 13 ] : 170–172 Somewhat overlapping, but mainly following the incubation period, there is a period of communicability—a time when an infected individual or animal is contagious and can infect another person or animal.
The common cold is the most common human disease [21] and affects people all over the globe. [40] Adults typically have two to three infections annually, [8] and children may have six to ten colds a year (and up to twelve colds a year for school children). [13] Rates of symptomatic infections increase in the elderly due to declining immunity. [41]
The human virome in healthy, asymptomatic adults. The histogram shows the number of individuals (y-axis) who were positive for a given number of different viral genera (x-axis). [16] The diversity of human viruses is vast and continually expanding. As of now, there are 219 known species of viruses that can infect humans.
An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection. Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens , most prominently bacteria and viruses . [ 2 ]