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Waterfall plots are often used to show how two-dimensional phenomena change over time. [1] A three-dimensional spectral waterfall plot is a plot in which multiple curves of data, typically spectra, are displayed simultaneously. Typically the curves are staggered both across the screen and vertically, with "nearer" curves masking the ones behind.
Such a chart can be used in turbine design. Experimentally measured vibration response spectrum as a function of the shaft's rotation speed (waterfall plot), the peak locations for each slice usually corresponding to the eigenfrequencies.
Spectrograms of light may be created directly using an optical spectrometer over time.. Spectrograms may be created from a time-domain signal in one of two ways: approximated as a filterbank that results from a series of band-pass filters (this was the only way before the advent of modern digital signal processing), or calculated from the time signal using the Fourier transform.
An example of waterfall charts. Here, there are 3 total columns called Main Column1, Middle Column, and End Value. The accumulation of successive two intermediate columns from the first total column (Main Column1) as the initial value results in the 2nd total column (Middle Column), and the rest accumulation results in the last total column (End Value) as the final value.
For transfer functions (e.g., Bode plot, chirp) the complete frequency response may be graphed in two parts: power versus frequency and phase versus frequency—the phase spectral density, phase spectrum, or spectral phase. Less commonly, the two parts may be the real and imaginary parts of the transfer function.
The SED of M51 (upper right) obtained by combining data at many different wavelengths, e.g. UV, visible, and infrared (left). A spectral energy distribution (SED) is a plot of energy versus frequency or wavelength of light (not to be confused with a 'spectrum' of flux density vs frequency or wavelength). [1]
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A diagram indicating the equivalent width corresponding to the absorption line, which is shown in red. The equivalent width of a spectral line is a measure of the area of the line on a plot of intensity versus wavelength in relation to underlying continuum level. It is found by forming a rectangle with a height equal to that of continuum ...