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  2. Spinal fusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_fusion

    Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgery performed by orthopaedic surgeons or neurosurgeons that joins two or more vertebrae. [1] This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae.

  3. Craniocervical instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniocervical_instability

    Conservative treatment of craniocervical instability includes physical therapy [10] [11] [better source needed] and the use of a cervical collar to keep the neck stable. Cervical spinal fusion is performed on patients with more severe symptoms. [citation needed]

  4. These Pictures Will Help You Identify the Most Common Skin Rashes

    www.aol.com/pictures-help-identify-most-common...

    Many of these rashes can be resolved with proper treatment, except in the case of inside-out rashes caused by genetics. Ahead, you’ll find pictures of common skin rashes, plus symptoms to look ...

  5. Failed back syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_back_syndrome

    New epidemiological studies show that "spinal fusion must be accepted as a non proved or experimental method for the treatment of back pain". The surgical literature on spinal fusion published in the last 20 years establishes that instrumentation seems to slightly increase the fusion rate and that instrumentation doesn't improve the clinical ...

  6. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_idiopathic...

    In some, the x-ray findings may correspond to symptoms of back stiffness with flexion/extension or with mild back pain. [2] Back pain or stiffness may be worse in the morning. [ 4 ] Rarely, large anterior cervical spine osteophytes may affect the esophagus or the larynx and cause pain , difficulty swallowing [ 5 ] [ 6 ] or even dyspnea . [ 7 ]

  7. Scheuermann's disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheuermann's_disease

    After a 13-level spinal fusion to correct the excessive curvature, the person now presents a normal degree of kyphosis, with a minimal loss of flexibility. The skeletal deformity caused by Scheuermann's disease can be corrected or partially corrected with surgical procedures, almost all of which include multi-level spinal fusion and hardware ...

  8. Management of scoliosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_scoliosis

    Implants that aim to delay spinal fusion and to allow more spinal growth in young children is the gold standard for surgical treatment of early onset scoliosis. Surgery without fusion can be divided into three principles: distraction of the entire spine, compression of the short segment of spine, and guided-growth techniques.

  9. Spinal tumor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_tumor

    [1] [2] The diagnosis is challenging, primarily because symptoms often mimic more common and benign degenerative spinal diseases. [8] [9] Spinal cord compression is commonly found in patients with metastatic malignancy. [10] Back pain is a primary symptom of spinal cord compression in patients with known malignancy. [11] Back pain may prompt a ...