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An elevated concentration of M2-PK in the stool should always be clarified by undergoing colonoscopy. The gold standard of early detection of colon polyp/cancer is the invasive colonoscopy, but with high expense about $557, while tumor marker M2-PK Test expense only about $15-$25. The invasive colonoscopy makes acceptance of it low among ...
Tumor M2-PK is a synonym for the dimeric form of the pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 , a key enzyme within tumor metabolism. Tumor M2-PK can be elevated in many tumor types, rather than being an organ-specific tumor marker such as PSA .
The quantification of Tumor M2-PK in plasma and stool is a tool for early detection of tumors and follow-up studies during therapy. The dimerization of PKM2 in tumor cells is induced by direct interaction of PKM2 with different oncoproteins (pp60v-src, HPV-16 E7, and A-Raf).
Four isozymes of pyruvate kinase expressed in vertebrates: L (liver), R (erythrocytes), M1 (muscle and brain) and M2 (early fetal tissue and most adult tissues). The L and R isozymes are expressed by the gene PKLR, whereas the M1 and M2 isozymes are expressed by the gene PKM2. The R and L isozymes differ from M1 and M2 in that they are ...
Tumor markers may be used for the following purposes: Monitoring the malignancy; When a malignant tumor is found by the presence of a tumor marker, the level of marker found in the body can be monitored to determine the state of the tumor and how it responds to treatment. If the quantity stays the same during treatment it can indicate that the ...
Macrophage polarization is a process by which macrophages adopt different functional programs in response to the signals from their microenvironment. This ability is connected to their multiple roles in the organism: they are powerful effector cells of the innate immune system, but also important in removal of cellular debris, embryonic development and tissue repair.
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Both M 2 and M 3 muscarinic receptors are expressed in the smooth muscles of the airway, with the majority of the receptors being the M 2 type. Activation of the M 2 receptors, which are coupled to G i, inhibits the β-adrenergic mediated relaxation of the airway smooth muscle.