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In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether, where the ether forms a three-atom ring: two atoms of carbon and one atom of oxygen. This triangular structure has substantial ring strain, making epoxides highly reactive, more so than other ethers. They are produced on a large scale for many applications.
Ethylene oxide is an organic compound with the formula C 2 H 4 O. It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor.
The general chemical equation for the hydration of alkenes is the following: RRC=CH 2 + H 2 O → RRC(OH)-CH 3. A hydroxyl group (OH −) attaches to one carbon of the double bond, and a proton (H +) adds to the other. The reaction is highly exothermic. In the first step, the alkene acts as a nucleophile and attacks the proton, following ...
The first number in a crown ether's name refers to the number of atoms in the cycle, and the second number refers to the number of those atoms that are oxygen. Crown ethers are much broader than the oligomers of ethylene oxide; an important group are derived from catechol. Crown ethers strongly bind certain cations, forming complexes. The ...
In alkanes, optimum overlap of atomic orbitals is achieved at 109.5°. The most common cyclic compounds have five or six carbons in their ring. [6] Adolf von Baeyer received a Nobel Prize in 1905 for the discovery of the Baeyer strain theory, which was an explanation of the relative stabilities of cyclic molecules in 1885.
Upon addition of an initiator, cyclic monomers go on to form linear polymers. The reactivity of heterocyclic monomers depends on their ring strain. Monomers with large ring strain, such as oxirane, are more reactive than 1,3-dioxepane which has considerably less ring strain. Rings that are six-membered and larger are less likely to polymerize ...
For example, if the atom bearing the positive charge is stabilized by electron-donating groups, polymerization will proceed by the S N 1 mechanism. [20] The cationic species is a heteroatom and the chain grows by the addition of cyclic monomers thereby opening the ring system. Synthesis of Spandex. [22]
C12-C14 alcohol glycidyl ether (AGE) is an organic chemical in the glycidyl ether family. [2] It is a mixture of mainly 12 and 14 carbon chain alcohols, also called fatty alcohols that have been glycidated. It is an industrial chemical used as a surfactant but primarily for epoxy resin viscosity reduction. [3]