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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Hindi and Urdu on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Hindi and Urdu in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
[2] Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [4]
While [z] is a foreign sound, it is also natively found as an allophone of /s/ beside voiced consonants. The other three Persian loans, /q, x, ɣ/, are still considered to fall under the domain of Urdu, and are also used by some Hindi speakers; however, other Hindi speakers may assimilate these sounds to /k, kʰ, g/ respectively.
The pronunciation of words in all languages changes over time. [1] However, their written forms (orthography) are often not modified to take account of such changes, and do not accurately represent the pronunciation. Words borrowed from other languages may retain the spelling from the original language, which may have a different system of ...
Square brackets are used with phonetic notation, whether broad or narrow [17] – that is, for actual pronunciation, possibly including details of the pronunciation that may not be used for distinguishing words in the language being transcribed, but which the author nonetheless wishes to document. Such phonetic notation is the primary function ...
So I agree to remove the Devanagari letter column. We have other pages that cover the important topic of how sounds are represented in the respective script; it's not the purpose of this pronunciation key. –Austronesier 10:58, 24 February 2024 (UTC) Agreed, I would say the examples suffice!
The common pronunciation of the final /-ijj/ is most often pronounced as or . A form similar to but distinguished from yāʾ is the ʾalif maqṣūrah (أَلِف مَقْصُورَة) "limited/restricted alif", with the form ى. It indicates a final long /aː/.
Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.