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Barbara, AO., Richard, AG., and Thomas, JK(2007) Kuby Immunology. W..H Freeman and Company, pp 111–142; Kemp, DJ.; Cory, S.; Adams, JM. (1979). "Cloned pairs of variable region genes for immunoglobulin heavy-chains isolated from a clone library of the entire mouse genome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States ...
Isoantibodies, formerly called alloantibodies, are antibodies produced by an individual against isoantigens produced by members of the same species.In the case of the species Homo sapiens, for example, there are a significant number of antigens that are different in every individual.
The first checkpoint in the development of a B cell is the production of a functional pre-BCR, which is composed of two surrogate light chains and two immunoglobulin heavy chains, which are normally linked to Ig-α (or CD79A) and Ig-β (or CD79B) signaling molecules.
V(D)J recombination (variable–diversity–joining rearrangement) is the mechanism of somatic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation.
In immunology, clonal selection theory explains the functions of cells of the immune system (lymphocytes) in response to specific antigens invading the body. The concept was introduced by Australian doctor Frank Macfarlane Burnet in 1957, in an attempt to explain the great diversity of antibodies formed during initiation of the immune response .
In immunology, central tolerance (also known as negative selection) is the process of eliminating any developing T or B lymphocytes that are autoreactive, i.e. reactive to the body itself. [1] Through elimination of autoreactive lymphocytes, tolerance ensures that the immune system does not attack self peptides. [2]
An immune response is a physiological reaction which occurs within an organism in the context of inflammation for the purpose of defending against exogenous factors. These include a wide variety of different toxins, viruses, intra- and extracellular bacteria, protozoa, helminths, and fungi which could cause serious problems to the health of the host organism if not cleared from the body.
Immunological memory is the ability of the immune system to quickly and specifically recognize an antigen that the body has previously encountered and initiate a corresponding immune response.