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Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. [2] [3] Symptoms of this infection vary greatly, but the disease affects primarily the lungs. [4] Occasionally, other organs are affected; called disseminated histoplasmosis, it can be fatal if left untreated.
Histoplasma capsulatum is a species of dimorphic fungus.Its sexual form is called Ajellomyces capsulatus.It can cause pulmonary and disseminated histoplasmosis.. Histoplasma capsulatum is "distributed worldwide, except in Antarctica, but most often associated with river valleys" [1] and occurs chiefly in the "Central and Eastern United States" [2] followed by "Central and South America, and ...
Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis is an infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, and most people who develop this severe form of histoplasmosis are immunocompromised or taking systemic corticosteroids. [1]: 316 Skin lesions are present in approximately 6% of patients with dissemination. [1]: 316
Histoplasma duboisii is a saprotrophic fungus responsible for the invasive infection known as African histoplasmosis. [1] This species is a close relative of Histoplasma capsulatum, the agent of classical histoplasmosis, and the two occur in similar habitats. [1]
Identifying the specific pathogen is necessary to determine the proper course of treatment and the prognosis. [2] Measurement of opening pressure, cell count with differential, glucose and protein concentrations, Gram's stain, India ink, and culture tests should be performed on cerebrospinal fluid when fungal meningitis is suspected.
Histoplasmosis: Histoplasma capsulatum: birds, bats inhaling fungi in guano HIV: SIV Simian immunodeficiency virus: non-human primates Blood: Immunodeficiency resembling human AIDS was reported in captive monkeys in the United States beginning in 1983.
Most infections show no symptoms, in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis. [1] Around 10% of latent infections progress to active disease that, if left untreated, kill about half of those affected. [1] Typical symptoms of active TB are chronic cough with blood-containing mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. [1]
Histoplasma species have two forms: their environmental form is hyphal with microconidia and tuberculate macroconidia while their pathogenic form is a small intracellular yeast that exhibits narrow-necked budding [3] and no capsule.