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Dermatophytosis, also known as tinea and ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin [2] (a dermatomycosis), that may affect skin, hair, and nails. [1] Typically it results in a red, itchy, scaly, circular rash. [1] Hair loss may occur in the area affected. [1] Symptoms begin four to fourteen days after exposure. [1]
Microscopic morphology of the micro- and macroconidia is the most reliable identification character, but both good slide preparation and stimulation of sporulation in some strains are needed. While small microconidia may not always form, the larger macroconidia aids in identification of the fungal species.
Superficial scrapes of skin examined underneath a microscope may reveal the presence of a fungus.This is done by utilizing a diagnostic method called KOH test, [6] wherein the skin scrapings are placed on a slide and immersed on a dropful of potassium hydroxide solution to dissolve the keratin on the skin scrappings thus leaving fungal elements such as hyphae, septate or yeast cells viewable.
There are three type of tinea capitis, microsporosis, trichophytosis, and favus; these are based on the causative microorganism, and the nature of the symptoms. In microsporosis , the lesion is a small red papule around a hair shaft that later becomes scaly; eventually the hairs break off 1–3 mm above the scalp.
Signs and symptoms range widely. [3] There is usually a rash with superficial infection. [2] Fungal infection within the skin or under the skin may present with a lump and skin changes. [3] Pneumonia-like symptoms or meningitis may occur with a deeper or systemic infection. [2] Fungi are everywhere, but only some cause disease. [13]
Microsporum gypseum. Microsporum is a genus of fungi that causes tinea capitis, tinea corporis, ringworm, and other dermatophytoses (fungal infections of the skin). Microsporum forms both macroconidia (large asexual reproductive structures) and microconidia (smaller asexual reproductive structures) on short conidiophores.
Tinea corporis (also known as "ringworm", [2] tinea circinata, [11] and tinea glabrosa [2]) is a superficial fungal infection (dermatophytosis) of the arms and legs, especially on glabrous skin; however, it may occur on any part of the body, it present as annular, marginated plaque with thin scale and clear center.
Athlete's foot is a form of dermatophytosis (fungal infection of the skin), caused by dermatophytes, funguses (most of which are mold) which inhabit dead layers of skin and digest keratin. [2] Dermatophytes are anthropophilic , meaning these parasitic funguses prefer human hosts.