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In Hindu temple architecture, a ratha is a vertical offset projection on the plan of a structure, particularly of the shikhara above the sanctum. [1] [2] The term has the same meaning when applied to the forms of the bases of statues. A ratha is generally carried up from the bottom of the temple to the superstructure.
Pancha Rathas is an example of monolithic Indian rock-cut architecture. The complex was initially thought to have carved during the reign of King Narasimhavarman I (630–668 CE). However, historians such as Nagaswamy attributed all of monuments in Mahabalipuram to Narasimhavarman II (c. 690–725 CE) with the discovery of new inscriptions. [ 1 ]
A Hindu temple is a pancharatha when there are five ratha (on plan) or paga (on elevation) on the tower of the temple (generally a shikhara). [1] The rathas are vertical offset projection or facets. The name comes from the sanskrit Pancha (=five) and Ratha (=chariot), but the link with the concept of chariot is not clear.
Elevation of Dharmaraja's Ratha Section of Dharmaraja's Ratha. All the Pancha Rathas are aligned in a north–south direction and share a common plinth. They have no precedent in Indian architecture and have proved to be "templates" for building larger temples in the South Indian tradition of Dravidian temple architecture. [8]
Similar to the Arjuna and Dharmaraja Rathas, the stone temple is a replica of an earlier wooden version which preceded it. [13] Bhima Ratha is an ektala or single tiered oblong temple, with a barrel-vaulted roof and ornate columns. It is the third ratha after Draupadi and Arjuna Rathas, carved over an extended long pink granite rock out crop ...
English: Pancha Rathas (Pandava Rathas), a monument complex of monolithic ancient Dravidian rock-cut architecture dating to 7th century AD. Each of the five monuments resembles a chariot (ratha), and each is carved out of a single monolithic granite rock.
Like the other four Pancha Rathas, this stone edifice is a replica of a wooden version which preceded it. [17] Though it is considered to be a monolith temple, "temple" is a misnomer given that the five rathas were never completed, [13] as evidenced by uncarved bedrock at the pinnacle. Hence, the rathas were neither consecrated nor worship offered.
The Mukundanayanar temple has ratha-like architecture. North of the main hill in Mamallapuram, it has been dated to the early 8th century and attributed to King Rajasimha. [111] The temple, with a simple square design, is oriented to the east and its facade is supported by two slender, fluted, round pillars.