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Cyclohexane is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used). Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon. [5] Cyclohexyl (C 6 H 11) is the alkyl substituent of cyclohexane and is ...
Critical point. 554 K (281 °C), 4070 kPa. Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ fusH o. 2.68 kJ/mol crystal I → liquid. Std entropy change of fusion, Δ fusS o. 9.57 J/ (mol·K) crystal I → liquid. Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δ vapH o. 32 kJ/mol. Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ vapS o.
It has a cage-like fused-ring structure (truncated icosahedron) made of twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons, and resembles a football. Each of its 60 carbon atoms is bonded to its three neighbors. Buckminsterfullerene is a black solid that dissolves in hydrocarbon solvents to produce a violet solution. The substance was discovered in 1985 and ...
Cyclohexanone is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts: [11]. C 6 H 12 + O 2 → (CH 2) 5 CO + H 2 O. This process forms cyclohexanol as a by-product, and this mixture, called "KA Oil" for ketone-alcohol oil, is the main feedstock for the production of adipic acid.
Cyclohexene is most stable in a half-chair conformation, [11] unlike the preference for a chair form of cyclohexane. One basis for the cyclohexane conformational preference for a chair is that it allows each bond of the ring to adopt a staggered conformation. For cyclohexene, however, the alkene is planar, equivalent to an eclipsed conformation ...
The simplest alicyclic compounds are the monocyclic cycloalkanes: cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, and so on. Bicyclic alkanes include bicycloundecane, decalin, and housane. Polycyclic alkanes include cubane, basketane, and tetrahedrane. Spiro compounds have two or more rings that are connected ...
A Newman projection is a drawing that helps visualize the 3-dimensional structure of a molecule. [1] This projection most commonly sights down a carbon-carbon bond, making it a very useful way to visualize the stereochemistry of alkanes. A Newman projection visualizes the conformation of a chemical bond from front to back, with the front atom ...
Cycloalkane. Ball-and-stick model of cyclobutane. In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene) are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons. [1] In other words, a cycloalkane consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a structure containing a single ring (possibly with side chains), and ...