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Pseudocode. In computer science, pseudocode is a description of the steps in an algorithm using a mix of conventions of programming languages (like assignment operator, conditional operator, loop) with informal, usually self-explanatory, notation of actions and conditions. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Although pseudocode shares features with regular programming ...
A Nassi–Shneiderman diagram (NSD) in computer programming is a graphical design representation for structured programming. [1] This type of diagram was developed in 1972 by Isaac Nassi and Ben Shneiderman who were both graduate students at Stony Brook University. [2] These diagrams are also called structograms, [3] as they show a program's ...
For example, let us multiply matrices A, B and C. Let us assume that their dimensions are m×n, n×p, and p×s, respectively. Matrix A×B×C will be of size m×s and can be calculated in two ways shown below: Ax(B×C) This order of matrix multiplication will require nps + mns scalar multiplications.
In computer science, a semaphore is a variable or abstract data type used to control access to a common resource by multiple threads and avoid critical section problems in a concurrent system such as a multitasking operating system. Semaphores are a type of synchronization primitive. A trivial semaphore is a plain variable that is changed (for ...
A callback is often back on the level of the original caller. In computer programming, a callback is a function that is stored as data (a reference) and designed to be called by another function – often back to the original abstraction layer. A function that accepts a callback parameter may be designed to call back before returning to its ...
A* search algorithm. A* (pronounced "A-star") is a graph traversal and pathfinding algorithm, which is used in many fields of computer science due to its completeness, optimality, and optimal efficiency. [1] Given a weighted graph, a source node and a goal node, the algorithm finds the shortest path (with respect to the given weights) from ...
Tabu search (TS) is a metaheuristic search method employing local search methods used for mathematical optimization. It was created by Fred W. Glover in 1986 [1] and formalized in 1989. [2][3] Local (neighborhood) searches take a potential solution to a problem and check its immediate neighbors (that is, solutions that are similar except for ...
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. The algorithm starts at the root node (selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.