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Decorticate posturing is a sign of severe brain injury, with the arms flexed and the legs extended. It indicates damage to the cerebral hemispheres, the internal capsule, and the thalamus. Decerebrate posturing is also a sign of severe brain injury, with the arms extended and the legs extended. It indicates damage to the midbrain and the cerebellum.
Neurogenic claudication is intermittent leg pain from nerve compression in the lower spine. It is relieved by flexion and worsened by extension. Learn about the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment options for this condition.
Lazarus sign is a reflex movement in brain-dead patients that resembles the biblical figure Lazarus rising from the dead. It is caused by a spinal reflex arc and occurs after removing ventilators or testing for apnea.
The spinal cord is a tubular structure that connects the brain with the peripheral nerves and controls many reflexes and movements. It is composed of gray and white matter, nerve roots, and meninges, and has different segments and enlargements for different regions of the body.
A reflex is an involuntary and instantaneous response to a stimulus, mediated by neural pathways called reflex arcs. Learn about different types of reflexes in humans and animals, such as stretch, tendon, pupillary, and startle reflexes, and how they are graded and modulated.
Lumbar vertebrae are the five bones that form the lower part of the human back. They are larger and stronger than thoracic vertebrae, and have different shapes and processes. Learn more about their characteristics, movements, anomalies and related structures.
Flexure is the bending of the neural tube in the embryonic brain. Learn about the three flexures (cephalic, cervical, and pontine) and their developmental stages and regions.
The injured spinal cord is an “altered” spinal cord. After a SCI, supraspinal and spinal sources of control of movement differ substantially from that which existed prior to the injury, thus resulting in an altered spinal cord. The automaticity of posture and locomotion emerge from the interactions between peripheral nervous system (PNS ...