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Engine knocking. In spark-ignition internal combustion engines, knocking (also knock, detonation, spark knock, pinging or pinking) occurs when combustion of some of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result from propagation of the flame front ignited by the spark plug, but when one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside ...
A hot air engine[1] (historically called an air engine or caloric engine[2]) is any heat engine that uses the expansion and contraction of air under the influence of a temperature change to convert thermal energy into mechanical work. These engines may be based on a number of thermodynamic cycles encompassing both open cycle devices such as ...
A cold start is an attempt to start a vehicle 's engine when ambient temperatures are much lower than its normal operating temperature. [1] A cold start can be difficult for an engine due to higher viscosity of oil and fuel in cold temperatures. Generally speaking, diesel engines have more difficulty starting at low outside temperatures than ...
The Stirling engine (or Stirling's air engine as it was known at the time) was invented and patented in 1816. [ 19 ] It followed earlier attempts at making an air engine but was probably the first put to practical use when, in 1818, an engine built by Stirling was employed pumping water in a quarry. [ 20 ]
Flooded engine. A flooded engine is an internal combustion engine that has been fed an excessively rich air-fuel mixture that cannot be ignited. [1] This is caused by the mixture exceeding the upper explosive limit for the particular fuel. An engine in this condition will not start until the excessively rich mixture has been cleared. [2]
Hot-bulb engine (two-stroke). 1. Hot bulb. 2. Cylinder. 3. Piston. 4. Crankcase Old Swedish hot-bulb engine in action. The hot-bulb engine, also known as a semi-diesel [1] or Akroyd engine, is a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignites by coming in contact with a red-hot metal surface inside a bulb, followed by the introduction of air (oxygen) compressed into the hot-bulb ...
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An ignition magneto (also called a high-tension magneto) is an older type of ignition system used in spark-ignition engines (such as petrol engines). It uses a magneto and a transformer to make pulses of high voltage for the spark plugs. The older term "high-tension" means "high-voltage". Used on many cars in the early 20th century, ignition ...