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Insensitive nuclei enhancement by polarization transfer (INEPT) is a signal enhancement method used in NMR spectroscopy. It involves the transfer of nuclear spin polarization from spins with large Boltzmann population differences to nuclear spins of interest with lower Boltzmann population differences. [ 1 ]
When electron spin polarization deviates from its thermal equilibrium value, polarization transfers between electrons and nuclei can occur spontaneously through electron-nuclear cross relaxation or spin-state mixing among electrons and nuclei. For example, polarization transfer is spontaneous after a homolysis chemical reaction.
The HSQC experiment is a highly sensitive 2D-NMR experiment and was first described in a 1 H— 15 N system, but is also applicable to other nuclei such as 1 H— 13 C and 1 H— 31 P. The basic scheme of this experiment involves the transfer of magnetization on the proton to the second nucleus, which may be 15 N, 13 C or 31 P, via an INEPT ...
The nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) is the transfer of nuclear spin polarization from one population of spin-active nuclei (e.g. 1 H, 13 C, 15 N etc.) to another via cross-relaxation.
The sign of the gyromagnetic ratio, γ, determines the sense of precession. Nuclei such as 1 H and 13 C are said to have clockwise precession whereas 15 N has counterclockwise precession. [3] [4] Unlike most nuclei, the gyromagnetic ratio for 15 N is negative. With the spin precession phenomenon, the sign of γ determines the sense (clockwise ...
Initially, the sample is excited using radiofrequency (RF) pulses, bringing the nuclear spins into an excited state and preparing them for magnetization transfer. Magnetization is then transferred from the proton to the heteronucleus through a one-bond scalar coupling (J-coupling), ensuring that only directly bonded nuclei participate in the ...
A more specific example of this case is presented in the section Chemical Exchange Magnetization transfer. In either case, magnetization transfer techniques probe the dynamic relationship between two or more distinguishable nuclei populations, in so far as energy exchange between the populations can be induced and measured in an idealized NMR ...
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a specialized technique associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). [1] [2]Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), also known as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, is a non-invasive, ionizing-radiation-free analytical technique that has been used to study metabolic changes in brain tumors, strokes, seizure disorders, Alzheimer's ...