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Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel-cell applications and portable fuel-cell applications. Their distinguishing features include lower temperature/pressure ranges (50 to ...
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is the electrolysis of water in a cell equipped with a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) [3] that is responsible for the conduction of protons, separation of product gases, and electrical insulation of the electrodes.
Whereas the common PEM fuel cell, also called Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (LT-PEM), must usually be operated with hydrogen with high purity of more than 99.9 % the HT-PEM fuel cell is less sensitive to impurities and thus is typically operated with reformate gas with hydrogen concentration of about 50 to 75 %.
PEM fuel cells have seen successful implementation in other forms of heavy machinery as well, with Ballard Power Systems supplying forklifts based on the technology. [20] The primary challenge facing automotive PEM technology is the safe and efficient storage of hydrogen, currently an area of high research activity.
Ruthenium and platinum are often used together, if carbon monoxide (CO) is a product of the electro-chemical reaction as CO poisons the PEM and impacts the efficiency of the fuel cell. Due to the high cost of these and other similar materials, research is being undertaken to develop catalysts that use lower cost materials as the high costs are ...
Ultrahigh-pressure electrolysis is high-pressure electrolysis operating at 340–690 bars (5,000–10,000 psi). [8] At ultra-high pressures the water solubility and cross-permeation across the membrane of H 2 and O 2 is affecting hydrogen purity, modified PEMs are used to reduce cross-permeation in combination with catalytic H 2 /O 2 recombiners to maintain H 2 levels in O 2 and O 2 levels in ...
The main benefits of PEM coatings are the ability to conformably coat objects (that is, the technique is not limited to coating flat objects), the environmental benefits of using water-based processes, reasonable costs, and the utilization of the particular chemical properties of the film for further modification, such as the synthesis of metal ...
Geoffrey Edwin Hall Ballard, CM, OBC (16 October 1932 – 2 August 2008) was a Canadian geophysicist and businessman. A longtime advocate of replacing the internal combustion engine, in 1979 Ballard founded what would become Ballard Power Systems to develop commercial applications of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM).