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  2. List of heads of state of Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of...

    Germany was ruled by monarchs from the beginning of division of the Frankish Empire in August 843 to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in August 1806. [1] [2] [3] During most of 19th century, independent German principalities were organized into various confederations, such as the Confederation of the Rhine dominated by Napoleon (1806-1913) and the German Confederation created by the ...

  3. List of German monarchs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs

    German kingdom (blue) in the Holy Roman Empire around 1000. This is a list of monarchs who ruled over East Francia, and the Kingdom of Germany (Latin: Regnum Teutonicum), from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 and the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 until the collapse of the German Empire in 1918:

  4. Timeline of German history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_German_history

    World War I: The United Kingdom declared war on Germany. Blockade of Germany: The United Kingdom established a blockade of war materiel and foodstuffs bound for Germany. 30 August: Battle of Tannenberg: The German 8th Army decisively defeated a Russian force near Olsztyn, practically destroying the Russian 2nd Army. 9 September

  5. List of wars of independence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_of_independence

    Ukrainian War of Independence Ukraine: Soviet Russia Poland: Independence of Ukraine from Russia; partition of Ukraine by Soviet Union and Poland: 1918–1919 Poznań War Poland Germany: Independence of Poland from Germany: 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence Estonia: Soviet Russia: Independence of Estonia from Russian Empire/Russian SFSR ...

  6. List of wars involving Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Germany

    This is a list of wars involving Germany from 962. It includes the Holy Roman Empire, Confederation of the Rhine, the German Confederation, the North German Confederation, the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, the German Democratic Republic (DDR, "East Germany") and the present Federal Republic of Germany (BRD, until German reunification in 1990 known as "West Germany").

  7. List of rulers of Bavaria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bavaria

    The kings (later emperors) of the Franks now assumed complete control, placing Bavaria under the rule of non-hereditary governors and civil servants. They were not dukes but rather kings of Bavaria. Emperor Louis the Pious divided control of the Empire among his sons, and the divisions became permanent in the decades following his death in 840 ...

  8. German Emperor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Emperor

    The German Emperor (German: Deutscher Kaiser, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈkaɪzɐ] ⓘ) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the German Empire.A specifically chosen term, it was introduced with the 1 January 1871 constitution and lasted until the abdication of Wilhelm II was announced on 9 November 1918.

  9. German Confederation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Confederation

    The German Confederation (German: Deutscher Bund [ˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈbʊnt] ⓘ) was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe. [a] It was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as a replacement of the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved in 1806 as a result of the Napoleonic Wars.