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An inversion is a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome becomes inverted within its original position. An inversion occurs when a chromosome undergoes a two breaks within the chromosomal arm, and the segment between the two breaks inserts itself in the opposite direction in the same chromosome arm.
Inversions that exclude the centromere are known as paracentric inversions, which result in unbalanced gametes after meiosis. [2] During prophase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes form an inversion loop and crossover occurs. If a paracentric inversion has occurred, one of the products will be acentric, while the other product will be dicentric.
Such changes may involve several different classes of events, like deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations. Usually, these events are caused by a breakage in the DNA double helices at two different locations, followed by a rejoining of the broken ends to produce a new chromosomal arrangement of genes , different from the gene ...
A breakage and reunion in the pericentric region of the p arm results in a dicentric isochromosome. [4] Some of the p arm can be found in this formation of i(Xq), but a majority of the genetic material on the p arm is lost so it is considered absent.
This is called circle inversion or plane inversion. The inversion taking any point P (other than O ) to its image P ' also takes P ' back to P , so the result of applying the same inversion twice is the identity transformation which makes it a self-inversion (i.e. an involution).
As noted above, the inverse with respect to a circle of a curve of degree n has degree at most 2n.The degree is exactly 2n unless the original curve passes through the point of inversion or it is circular, meaning that it contains the circular points, (1, ±i, 0), when considered as a curve in the complex projective plane.
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In crystallography, a centrosymmetric point group contains an inversion center as one of its symmetry elements. [1] In such a point group, for every point (x, y, z) in the unit cell there is an indistinguishable point (-x, -y, -z). Such point groups are also said to have inversion symmetry. [2] Point reflection is a similar term used in geometry.