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Sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC) is the death of a child over the age of 12 months which remains unexplained after a thorough investigation and autopsy. There has not been enough research to identify risk factors, common characteristics, or prevention strategies for SUDC. SUDC is similar in concept to sudden infant death syndrome ...
SIDS was the third leading cause of death in children less than one year old in the United States in 2011. [15] It is the most common cause of death between one month and one year of age. [1] About 90% of cases happen before six months of age, with it being most frequent between two months and four months of age.
For pregnant women and fetuses, symptoms are more severe, [1] whereas for children symptoms are milder with greater frequency of abdominal symptoms. [3] Serological surveys suggest that many HFRS infections go unnoticed, either as asymptomatic infections or as a mild flu-like illness with symptoms such as high fever, malaise, and muscle pain.
Children are more commonly affected, but most children recover without permanent damage to their health, although some children may have serious and sometimes life-threatening complications. [6] Adults, especially the elderly, may show a more complicated presentation. [2] [6] Complications may include neurological problems and heart failure. [1]
Symptoms of HFI include vomiting, convulsions, irritability, poor feeding as a baby, hypoglycemia, jaundice, hemorrhage, hepatomegaly, hyperuricemia and potentially kidney failure. [1] There are reported deaths in infants and children as a result of the metabolic consequences of HFI. Death in HFI is always associated with problems in diagnosis. [2]
Affected children can have serious, irreversible effects or even die within days from birth. Infants affected by galactosemia typically present with symptoms of lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, failure to thrive, and jaundice. None of these symptoms are specific to galactosemia, often leading to diagnostic delays.
The aforementioned mechanism is the most common cause of brain death; however, this increase in intracranial pressure does not always occur due to an arrest in cardiopulmonary function. [5] Traumatic brain injuries and subarachnoid hemorrhages can also increase the intracranial pressure in the brain leading to a cessation of brain function and ...
Prevention is typically by avoiding the use of aspirin in children. [1] When aspirin was withdrawn for use in children in the US and UK in the 1980s, a decrease of more than 90% in rates of Reye syndrome was observed. [2] Early diagnosis of the syndrome improves outcomes. [1] Treatment is supportive; [1] mannitol may be used to help with the ...