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Similarly, the Deobandi movement, although not denying the reality of jinn, mostly depicts jinn as malevolent beings who need to be avoided or exorcised. [95] [96] In modern Iran, (evil) jinn are often substituted by devils. [97] Similarly, in many modern tales, the term jinn is used for div (demon), causing a shift in meaning. [98]
In his response to the question, how devils, who are conceptualized as creatures of a subtile body (i.e. either fallen angels or evil jinn) in early kalām, can run through the body of humans, he explains that it is not the devil himself, but the effects of the devil (athar ash-shayṭān) that run through human body and influence the soul.
Binn, predecessor of the jinn. Often paired with hinn. Extinct. (Demon) Bīwarāsp the Wise, jinn-king in the epistle The Case of the Animals versus Man, written by the Brethren of Purity. (Genie) Bubu, jinn seen by children. (Genie) Buraq, the winged horse-like heavenly ride that carried the Muhammad in his Night Ascension. (Other)
Jinn or Jann: ordinary jinn, a class apart from other jinn types, but also used as a collective to refer to invisible beings in general; Shaitan: Malevolent jinni, who causes illness and madness; Ifrit: delimitation to ordinary jinn remains unclear. Can be either a powerful cunning Jinn or a strong Shaitan. Ifrits are generally bad.
The divs are often confused with jinn. [9] Some academics proposed div is simply the Persian term for jinn. However, this poses a problem, because the two terms are not synonymous. While the divs are considered evil, the jinn have free will and are morally ambivalent or even benevolent.
In the Quran, the concept of a Qareen is absent. The term, meaning "companion" appears a few times, but without any demonic associations. Hans Alexander Winkler noted that the Quranic reference to a Qareen refers to an earthly companion like a friend, who influences a Muslim to leave the Islamic community. [5]
In the pre-Islamic Arabian religion, deities, jinn, angels, and demons are not clearly distinguished and shade into another. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] Several angels in the Quran function as personified meteorological phenomena , and may root in polytheistic animistic beliefs .
In another account, attributed to Abu Bakr al-Shibli, the pre-Adamite jinn are all referred to as jânn. They would have battled angelic jinn under the command of Iblis, but were driven away from the surface of the earth. [17] Many Arabic legends regard the Pyramids of Giza as remains of the works done under the rule of Jann ibn Jann. [18]