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Normally, the amount of biotin in the body is regulated by dietary intake, biotin transporters (monocarboxylate transporter 1 and sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter), peptidyl hydrolase biotinidase (BTD), and the protein ligase holocarboxylase synthetase. When any of these regulatory factors are inhibited, biotin deficiency could occur. [23]
Biotinidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder in which biotin is not released from proteins in the diet during digestion or from normal protein turnover in the cell. This situation results in biotin deficiency. Biotin is an important water-soluble nutrient that aids in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder in which the body is unable to use the vitamin biotin effectively. [2] This disorder is classified as a multiple carboxylase deficiency , a group of disorders characterized by impaired activity of certain enzymes that depend on biotin.
Signs of a biotin deficiency may appear gradually, per the NIH. In the later stages, a biotin deficiency can cause: Hair thinning. Hair loss. A scaly, red rash around orifices. Dry, red eyes ...
Discover what this essential B vitamin can do for your body and whether you need more in your diet.
2. Vitamin B12. One of eight B-complex vitamins, vitamin B12 is found naturally in some types of fish, red meat and fortified foods.It plays a key role in central nervous system function, DNA ...
Biotin deficiency can result in behavioral disorders, lack of coordination, learning disabilities and seizure. Unlike most vitamins, which are noncovalently bound to enzymes, biotin is chemically linked ( covalently bound), and therefore cannot be easily removed from the enzyme denaturation .
Biotin deficiency is a relatively uncommon condition, and the vast majority of people can get enough biotin (also known as vitamin B7) just from eating a well-rounded, balanced diet, per Healthline.