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Antifreeze products for automotive use containing propylene glycol in place of ethylene glycol are available, and are generally considered safer to use, as it possesses an unpleasant taste in contrast to the perceived "sweet" taste of toxic ethylene glycol-based coolants, and produces only lactic acid in an animal's body, as their muscles do ...
Antifreeze is commonly consumed due to its sweet taste cause by the ethylene glycol, [38] and is also commonly consumed as a surrogate alcohol due to its high alcohol contents. To prevent consumption due to taste, many brands have bitter additives, but many [ 39 ] [ 40 ] [ 41 ] studies do not support the idea bitter additives reduce ingestions.
The major danger is due to its sweet taste, which can attract children and animals. Upon ingestion, ethylene glycol is oxidized to glycolic acid, which is, in turn, oxidized to oxalic acid, which is toxic. It and its toxic byproducts first affect the central nervous system, then the heart, and finally the
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Patients presenting as acute and hyperacute liver failure are at greater risk of developing cerebral edema and grade IV encephalopathy. The pathogenesis remains unclear, but is likely to be a consequence of several phenomena. There is a buildup of toxic substances like ammonia, mercaptan, serotonin and tryptophan in the brain.
When ammonia levels rise greater than 200 μmol/L, serious symptoms, including seizures, encephalopathy, coma, and even death, can occur. [3] Hyperammonemia with blood ammonia levels greater than 400 to 500 μmol/L is associated with 5- to 10-fold higher risk of irreversible brain damage.
Propylene glycol (IUPAC name: propane-1,2-diol) is a viscous, colorless liquid.It is almost odorless and has a faintly sweet taste. Its chemical formula is CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 OH. . As it contains two alcohol groups, it is classified as a d
Liver failure is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic (cirrhosis). [ 1 ] Recently, a third form of liver failure known as acute-on-chronic liver failure ( ACLF ) is increasingly being recognized.