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  2. Phreatic line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreatic_line

    The top flow line of a saturated soil mass below which seepage takes place, is called the Phreatic line. Hydrostatic pressure acts below the phreatic line whereas atmospheric pressure exists above the phreatic line. This line separates a saturated soil mass from an unsaturated soil mass. It is not an equipotential line, but a flow line.

  3. Seep (hydrology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seep_(hydrology)

    Seep is often used in environmental sciences to define an exfiltration zone (seepage zone) where contaminated water, e.g., from waste dumps, leaves a waste system area. Seeps are often important smaller wildlife water sources, and indicated by lower riparian vegetation.

  4. Dispersion (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersion_(geology)

    A simplified version of the Emerson soil dispersion test [3] can be completed in the field on a 20-minute to two-hour timescale. Laboratory tests used to diagnose a soil as dispersive focus on the cation exchange capacity of a soil sample and its cation breakdown. Soil cations are dominated by Ca 2+, Mg 2+, K +, and Na +, as well as H + in ...

  5. Internal erosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_erosion

    Internal erosion is the formation of voids within a soil caused by the removal of material by seepage. [1] It is the second most common cause of failure in levees and one of the leading causes of failures in earth dams, [2] responsible for about half of embankment dam failures. [3]

  6. Soil test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_test

    A soil test is a laboratory or in-situ analysis to determine the chemical, physical or biological characteristics of a soil. Possibly the most widely conducted soil tests are those performed to estimate the plant-available concentrations of nutrients in order to provide fertilizer recommendations in agriculture.

  7. Soil consolidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_consolidation

    Soil consolidation refers to the mechanical process by which soil changes volume gradually in response to a change in pressure. This happens because soil is a three-phase material, comprising soil grains and pore fluid, usually groundwater [ clarification needed ] .

  8. Quick condition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quick_condition

    The quick condition of soil is the condition when the upward water pressure gradient and water flow reduce the effective stress, i.e., cohesiveness of the soil. Sandy soils may lose their shear strength, and the soil may behave as a fluid‌. Cohesive soils may produce cracks with water seepage. [1] [2] [3] [4]

  9. Soil chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_chemistry

    Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil.Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental factors. In the early 1870s a consulting chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society in England, named J. Thomas Way, performed many experiments on how soils exchange ions, and is considered the father of soil chemistry. [1]