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The use of theatre as a venue for protest in the Philippines [1] has had a long history dating back to its colonial history, and continuing into the present day. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It played a particularly important part [ 4 ] [ 5 ] during the Philippine American War, the Second World War, and during the Dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos.
The main campus of the private, non-sectarian University of Mindanao in Davao City was one of the earliest centers of student activism in Mindanao during the Marcos years, with a notable incident in mid-February 1971 now known as "The Battle of Claro M. Recto," so named after the street nearby the campus in which most of the protest took place ...
If the revolutionists are willing to use force, but the loyalists (government) negotiate or surrender to divert armed conflict, it is called a bloodless war. Peaceful revolutions that have occurred are the Carnation Revolution of 1974 in Portugal, [7] the People Power Revolution of 1986 in the Philippines, and the Peaceful Revolution of 1989 in ...
Berel Lang argues against the conflation of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience on the grounds that the necessary conditions for an act instancing civil disobedience are: (1) that the act violates the law, (2) that the act is performed intentionally, and (3) that the actor anticipates and willingly accepts punitive measures made on the ...
Aguinaldo immediately declared war, ordering "that peace and friendly relations with the Americans be broken and that the latter be treated as enemies". [13] In June 1899, the First Philippine Republic formally declared war against the United States, [14] [15] which ended with the Philippine Organic Act in July 1902.
The 1934 Tydings–McDuffie Act (Philippine Independence Act) created the Commonwealth of the Philippines the following year. The act increased self-governance and established a process towards full independence (originally scheduled for 1944, but delayed by World War II and the Japanese occupation of the Philippines).
A breakthrough in the peace process between the Government of the Philippines and the Communist Party of the Philippines took place on October 11, 1992, when Republic Act (RA) 1700 – the 1957 Anti-Subversion Act – was repealed by RA 7636 and the government declared a policy of amnesty and reconciliation.
In 1939 and 1940, the Philippine Constitution was amended to restore a bicameral Congress and to permit the re-election of Quezon, previously restricted to a single, six-year term. During the Commonwealth years, the Philippines sent one elected Resident Commissioner to the US House of Representatives, as Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories do.