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Estrogens are the major sex hormones in women, and are responsible for the development and maintenance of feminine secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts, wide hips, and a feminine pattern of fat distribution. [4] Estrogens act by binding to and activating the estrogen receptor (ER), their biological target in the body. [14]
Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), also called hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or transgender hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy in which sex hormones and other hormonal medications are administered to transgender or gender nonconforming individuals for the purpose of more closely aligning their secondary sexual characteristics with their gender identity.
Estrogen is the predominant sex hormone that slows bone loss (even in men). Both estrogen and testosterone help stimulate bone formation (T, especially at puberty). Testosterone may cause an increase in cortical bone thickness in transgender men (however this does not necessarily translate to a greater mechanical stability).
At the age of 12, Patrick Mitchell decided to transition into a female, only to change his mind two years later. Uncomfortable in his own skin, the Australian school boy begged his mother to allow ...
Estradiol is a naturally occurring and bioidentical estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like endogenous estradiol. [10] Due to its estrogenic activity, estradiol has antigonadotropic effects and can inhibit fertility and suppress sex hormone production in both women and men.
Most men begin to produce less testosterone after age 30, with testosterone production dropping by about one percent every year. FYI: Women experience a similar drop in hormone levels, with ...
[109] [110] Older age, higher body weight, lower physical activity, and smoking are all associated with a higher risk of VTE with oral estrogen therapy. [117] [125] [124] [112] Risk of VTE with estrogen therapy is highest at the start of treatment, particularly during the first year, and decreases over time. [117] [124]
Target ranges for hormone levels in hormone therapy for transgender women; Source Place Estradiol, total Testosterone, total Refs Endocrine Society: United States: 100–200 pg/mL